New research reveals that cannabis edibles may actually cause more severe damage to blood vessels than smoking marijuana, challenging the perception that they are a safer alternative for those concerned about heart health.
At a Glance
- A University of California, San Francisco study found that regular THC edible users experienced a 56% reduction in vascular function compared to non-users
- Cannabis smokers showed a 42% reduction in vascular function, suggesting edibles may pose an even greater cardiovascular risk
- The research examined endothelial dysfunction, an early indicator of heart disease, in 55 participants who used cannabis at least three times weekly
- Scientists urge doctors to include marijuana use in cardiovascular risk assessments and call for public awareness about potential health impacts
Understanding the Study Findings
The groundbreaking research, published in JAMA Cardiology, examined 55 participants divided into three groups: chronic cannabis smokers, regular THC edible users, and non-users. Researchers measured several indicators of cardiovascular health, with concerning results for both types of cannabis users. Most notably, vascular function was significantly impaired in both groups compared to non-users, with edible users showing the most severe reduction.
The study focused on endothelial dysfunction, a condition where blood vessels don’t dilate properly. This dysfunction is considered an early warning sign of cardiovascular disease and typically precedes more serious heart problems. Researchers found that heavier cannabis use correlated with worse endothelial dysfunction, suggesting a dose-response relationship between consumption and cardiovascular impact.
New study finds cannabis edibles raise risk of premature heart disease https://t.co/I4DuJPMETi
— USA TODAY (@USATODAY) June 2, 2025
Different Mechanisms, Similar Dangers
One of the most surprising findings was that THC edibles and smoking appear to damage blood vessels through different mechanisms. While smoking likely causes harm through both combustion byproducts and THC, edibles eliminate the smoking component yet still caused significant vascular damage. This suggests that THC itself, regardless of delivery method, may directly impact cardiovascular health.
The exact mechanism by which THC damages blood vessels remains unclear. Researchers found that cannabis smokers showed reduced nitric oxide production, which helps blood vessels dilate. However, the study did not find significant differences in pulse wave velocity between cannabis users and non-users, suggesting that arterial stiffness may not be immediately affected by cannabis use.
Broader Health Implications
Beyond the immediate study results, researchers highlighted connections between cannabis use and serious cardiovascular events. A retrospective analysis of over 4.6 million people under 50 showed marijuana users had increased risks of heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular death. Additionally, a meta-analysis confirmed marijuana users were 1.5 times more likely to suffer a heart attack than non-users.
While the findings show strong associations between cannabis use and vascular damage, researchers caution that the study cannot definitively prove causation. The small sample size of 55 participants and potential confounding factors limit the conclusions that can be drawn. However, the results add to a growing body of evidence suggesting cannabis is not the benign substance many believe it to be.
Guidelines for Cannabis Users
For those who use cannabis products, particularly for medical purposes, these findings raise important considerations. The study defined chronic use as consumption three or more times per week for at least one year, which resulted in significant vascular impairment. Scientists are now calling for research to determine if there might be a “Goldilocks zone” for safer cannabis use with fewer cardiovascular effects.
Until more comprehensive guidelines are established, healthcare providers are being urged to include cannabis use in cardiovascular risk assessments. Patients with existing heart concerns should discuss their cannabis use with their doctors and consider the potential risks alongside any benefits they receive from these products. The findings clearly challenge the perception that edibles represent a heart-healthy alternative to smoking cannabis.
